By using tools salvaged from the ship, and some which he makes himself, he hunts, grows barley and rice, dries grapes to make raisins, learns to make pottery and raises goats. By making marks in a wooden cross, he creates a calendar. He builds a fenced-in habitat near a cave which he excavates. Overcoming his despair, he fetches arms, tools and other supplies from the ship before it breaks apart and sinks. As for his arrival there, only he and three animals, the captain's dog and two cats, survive the shipwreck. He sees penguins and seals on his island. He observes the latitude as 9 degrees and 22 minutes north. Years later, Crusoe joins an expedition to bring slaves from Africa, but he is shipwrecked in a storm about forty miles out to sea on an island (which he calls the Island of Despair) near the mouth of the Orinoco river on 30 September 1659.
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